Table 1 Number of historical uses for each potential surrogate with references.

Bacillus atrophaeus

[15, 17, 18, 27, 29, 34, 40–42, 48, 50, 52, 54, 68, 71, 72, 75, 76, 78, 83, 86–88, 94, 95, 101, 102, 104, 107, 109, 112–115, 174, 208, 219–222]

B. cereus

[22, 26, 40–43, 48, 54, 58, 59, 65, 66, 68–70, 72, 73, 77, 82, 88, 95, 103, 104, 174, 213, 223–226]

B. subtilis

[19, 37, 40, 42–44, 48, 60, 70, 82, 84, 85, 88, 94, 96, 100, 104–106, 174, 209, 213, 216, 219, 224, 226]

B. thuringiensis

[16, 22, 26, 27, 40–43, 48, 58, 60, 66, 68, 72, 81, 82, 88, 94, 95, 99, 100, 111, 174, 192, 227, 228]

B. anthracis Sterne

[25, 26, 40, 43, 48, 49, 58–60, 68, 72, 75, 81, 103, 174, 213, 223, 224, 226, 229]

B. megaterium

[40–42, 48, 94, 102, 104, 174]

B. mycoides

[43, 60, 72, 226]

Geobacillus

[37, 174, 209]