Human paternal and maternal demographic histories: insights from high-resolution Y chromosome and mtDNA sequences

Investigative Genetics

Table 2 Prior estimates of divergence time (all priors uniformly distributed) and the mean, mode, and 95% HPD (highest posterior density) intervals

Parameter	Prior	Mean	Mode	95% HPD	R²	Bias	RMSE	Coverage	Factor 2
T1	100,000-150,000	107,067	102,125	100,175-123,116	0.98	−0.01	0.07	95	1
T2	60,000-100,000	74,916	74,691	63,350-93,892	0.97	0.03	0.13	97	1
T3	60,000-100,000	63,210	61,152	60,200-67,718	0.98	0.01	0.05	100	1
T4	40,000-60,000	49,280	42,637	40,574-58,075	1	0.01	0.06	100	1
T5	20,000-40,000	36,700	38,394	30,475-39,581	0.91	0.03	0.09	92	1
T6	10,000-20,000	15,828	17,798	11,280-19,500	0.99	0.02	0.11	100	1

Simulations were based on combined mtDNA and NRY sequences and the model of population history shown in Figure 1. Also shown are various statistics related to 1,000 pseudo-observed parameter estimations: R² is the proportion of the variance in the parameters explained by the summary statistics; Bias indicates whether the parameter tends to be over-estimated (positive bias) or under-estimated (negative bias); RMSE (root mean square error) is a distance between the true and estimated values of the parameter.

ISSN: 2041-2223