Table 2 Substitutions found for meat products with cytb and COI DNA sequence information
From: Where is the game? Wild meat products authentication in South Africa: a case study
Substituted samples | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commercial label | Species | N | Correct | False | Substituted with beef | Mixture of species | Other species found in non-mixed samples | Species found in mixed samples (sausages) |
Beef | Bos taurus | 14 | 14 | 0 | NA | 1 | NA | |
Blesbok | Damaliscus pygargus | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Bushbuck | - |
Blue wildebeest | Connochaetes taurinus | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | Nyala | - |
Eland | Tragelaphus oryx | 8 | 1 | 7 | 2 | - | Gemsbok, kudu, blue wildebeest, | - |
Game | Game | 5 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | Gemsbok | - |
Gemsbok | Oryx gazella | 14 | 4 | 10 | 3 | - | Kudu, blesbok or bontebok, blue wildebeest, impala | - |
Impala | Aepyceros melampus | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | - | Bontebok or blesbok | - |
Kudu | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 39 | 3 | 36 | 13 | 5 | Hartebeest, gemsbok, waterbuck, eland, mountain zebra, giraffe, lamb, kangaroo | Kangaroo + beef, beef + lamb , eland + hartebeest |
Ostrich | Struthio camelus | 23 | 7 | 16 | 10 | 5 | Springbok, kudu, black wildebeest, kangaroo | Ostrich + lamb, beef + pork, beef + lamb |
Springbok | Antidorcas marsupialis | 33 | 8 | 25 | 11 | 4 | Gemsbok, kudu, eland, blue wildebeest, hartebeest, impala, common duiker, kangaroo, horse | Beef + waterbuck, beef + lamb, springbok + lamb |
Warthog | Phacochoerus africanus | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
Zebra | Equus burchelli | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | - | - |
Total | 146 | 45 | 101 | 43 | 15 | |||