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Table 1 Pedigree, phylogeny and aDNA-based estimates of mtDNA mutation rates (per bp per year × 10 −8 )

From: Maternal ancestry and population history from whole mitochondrial genomes

Domain

mtDNA

coding

RNA

PC1 + 2

PC3

syn

HVS-I

HVS-II

D-loop

No sites

16569

15447

4021

6034

3017

4170

360

316

1122

Pedigree data

         

Howell et al. 2003 [40]

        

47

Sigurdardottir et al. 2000 [42]

      

21

 

Heyer et al. 2001 [39]

      

39

 

Santos et al. 2005 [41]

      

7.4

43.3

17

Rebolledo et al. 2014 [30]

1.3

       

7.7

Phylogenetic

         

Vigilant et al. 1991 [43]

        

5.7

Horai et al. 1995 [37]

     

3.9

   

Ingman et al. 2000 [38]

 

1.7

       

Tang et al. 2002 [44]

 

1

       

Mishmar et al. 2003 [45]

 

1.26

       

Kivisild et al. 2006 [26]

     

3.41

   

Loogvali et al. 2009 [27]

     

3.00

   

Soares et al. 2009 [28]

1.67

1.71

0.77

0.89

1.93

 

16.4

22.9

12.3

Phylogeographic

         

Forster et al. 1996 [21]

      

18

  

Ho and Endicott 2008 [46]

 

2.04

       

Poznik et al. 2013 [47]

2.3

        

Ancient DNA

         

Fu et al. 2013 [48]

2.67

1.57

 

0.82

3.27

    

Brotherton et al. 2013 [49]

2.4

        

Fu et al. 2014 [50]

2.53

        

Rieux et al. 2014 [51]

2.14

 

1.01

0.76

3.32

 

31.4

 
  1. ‘PC1 + 2’, second and third codon positions of protein coding genes; PC3, third codon positions; syn, total number of PC1 and PC3 positions at which transitions will not lead to amino acid replacement which is equal to the sum over all fourfold (2026) and twofold (2144) degenerate sites.