Figure 1

Median-joining network of C haplogroup mtDNA lineages from Queixadinha samples and from presumed Botocudo skulls in the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro. The Botocudo haplotypes are shown in red. The haplotypes from Queixadinha not found in databases or in the literature are shown in blue, and haplotypes shared with other groups are shown in green. Haplotypes MG27 and MG29 (white) were from the cosmopolitan population of cities surrounding Queixadinha. The Central node (asterisk) is that of the founder Amerindian C haplotype: 16223T, 16298C, 16325C and 16327T.